Xu, Z. Gu et al. Simo-Riudalbas, S. Melo, and M. Ley, L. Ding, M. Walter et al. Thol, F. Damm, A. Ludeking et al. Delhommeau, S. Dupont, V. Della Valle et al. Weissmann, T. Alpermann, V. Grossmann et al. Kosmider, V. Gelsi-Boyer, M.
Cheok et al. Chou, S. Chou, C. Liu et al. Ward, J. Patel, D. Wise et al. Mardis, L. Ding, D. Dooling et al. Rakheja, S. Konoplev, L. Medeiros, and W. Figueroa, O. Abdel-Wahab, C. Lu et al. Rege-Cambrin, E. Giugliano, L.
Michaux et al. View at: Google Scholar C. Steudel, M. Wermke, M. Schaich et al. Krivtsov and S. Varambally, S. Dhanasekaran, M. Zhou et al. Benetatos, E. Voulgaris, G. Vartholomatos, and E. Simon and C. Sneeringer, M. Scott, K. Kuntz et al. Ernst, A. Chase, J. Score et al. Nikoloski, S. Langemeijer, R. Kuiper et al. Benetatos, A. Dasoula, E. Hatzimichael et al. Melki, P. Vincent, and S. Takada, K. Morita, K. Hayashi et al. Shen, H. Kantarjian, Y.
Guo et al. Watanabe, H. Ueda, T. Etoh et al. View at: Google Scholar N. Syed, H. Coley, J. Sehouli et al. Fenaux, G. Mufti, E. Hellstrom-Lindberg et al. Gollob and C. Appleton, H. Mackay, I. Judson et al. Matei, F. Fang, C. Wang, S. Lee, C. Nigro et al. Tsai, H. Li, L. Van Neste et al. Cheng, C. Matsen, F. Gonzales et al. View at: Google Scholar J.
Datta, K. Ghoshal, W. Denny et al. Caron, S. Kemp, and A. Riggs, R. Whittaker, J. Neumann, and V. Raffoux, A. Cras, C. Recher et al. View at: Google Scholar A. Soriano, H. Yang, S. Faderl et al. Prince, M. Bishton, and S. Witta, R. Jotte, K. Konduri et al. Gridelli, A. Rossi, and P. Lin, Y. Wang, C. Chen, C. Ho, W. Su, and Y. Guerini, V. Barbui, O. Spinelli et al. Younes, A. Sureda, D.
Ben-Yehuda et al. Dimicoli, E. Jabbour, G. Borthakur et al. Strickler, A. Starodub, J. Jia et al. Wang, Q. Cao, and A. View at: Google Scholar L. Santo, T. Hideshima, A. DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Issa JP. CpG-island methylation in aging and cancer.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics. Trends Genet. Histones and histone modifications. Curr Biol. Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Histone modifiers in cancer: friends or foes?
Genes Cancer. Current understanding and importance of histone phosphorylation in regulating chromatin biology. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. Histone phosphorylation: a chromatin modification involved in diverse nuclear events.
In Vivo. Mol Cell. A double take on bivalent promoters. Changes of bivalent chromatin coincide with increased expression of developmental genes in cancer. Sci Rep. Ferreira HJ, Esteller M. Non-coding RNAs, epigenetics, and cancer: tying it all together.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. Long noncoding RNAs: cellular address codes in development and disease. The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function. Genome Biol. Epigenomic alterations define lethal CIMP-positive ependymomas of infancy. Epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in cancer aetiology and progression.
Dawson MA. The cancer epigenome: Concepts, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Lessons from the cancer genome. The role of genetics in the establishment and maintenance of the epigenome. Cell Mol Life Sci. Targeting the cancer epigenome for therapy. Epigenetic determinants of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. Esteller M. Epigenetics in cancer. N Engl J Med. A DNA methylation fingerprint of human samples. Genome Res. Kanwal R, Gupta S.
Epigenetic modifications in cancer. Clin Genet. Loss of acetylation at Lys16 and trimethylation at Lys20 of histone H4 is a common hallmark of human cancer. Nat Genet. Hosseini A, Minucci S. Alterations of histone modifications in cancer.
In: Epigenetics in Human Disease, vol. Chapter Google Scholar. Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Liz J, Esteller M. Biochim Biophys Acta. DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of common cancers. DNA methylation signatures identify biologically distinct thyroid cancer subtypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome - biological and translational implications. Nat Rev Cancer. Berdasco M, Esteller M.
Clinical epigenetics: seizing opportunities for translation. DNA methylation biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res Phila. Heyn H, Esteller M. DNA methylation profiling in the clinic: applications and challenges. Epigenetic profiling to classify cancer of unknown primary: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. Article PubMed Google Scholar.
Differential expression of selected histone modifier genes in human solid cancers. BMC Genomics. Rodriguez-Paredes M, Esteller M. Cancer epigenetics reaches mainstream oncology. Nat Med. Identification of pre-leukaemic haematopoietic stem cells in acute leukaemia. Landscape of TET2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. TET2 mutations predict response to hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Cancer genetics and epigenetics: two sides of the same coin?
Cancer Cell. Nat Commun. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Systematic sequencing of renal carcinoma reveals inactivation of histone modifying genes. Mutations in epigenetic regulators including SETD2 are gained during relapse in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Targeting EZH2 in cancer. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Lin S, Gregory RI. MicroRNA biogenesis pathways in cancer.
Cancer Res. Dicer, Drosha, and outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. MicroRNA 29b functions in acute myeloid leukemia. MicroRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Med. Allis CD, Jenuwein T. The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control. Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation. DNA demethylation and invasive cancer: implications for therapeutics.
Br J Pharmacol. Mol Cell Biol. DNA-demethylating agents target colorectal cancer cells by inducing viral mimicry by endogenous transcripts.
Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase HDAC inhibitor, promotes cell cycle arrest and re-sensitizes rituximab- and chemo-resistant lymphoma cells to chemotherapy agents. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. The role of epigenomics in personalized medicine. Synergy of demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in the re-expression of genes silenced in cancer. Combined DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms.
Combination epigenetic therapy has efficacy in patients with refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Cancer Discov. Inhibitors of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and histone demethylation: a perfect combination for cancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res. Adv Exp Med Biol. BET inhibitors: a novel epigenetic approach. Ann Oncol. Strauss J, Figg WD. Using epigenetic therapy to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Anticancer Res. Epigenetic targeting drugs potentiate chemotherapeutic effects in solid tumor therapy. Dunn J, Rao S. Epigenetics and immunotherapy: the current state of play.
Mol Immunol. Molecular pathways: at the crossroads of cancer epigenetics and immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. Ionizing radiation induces stemness in cancer cells. PLoS One. Mol Oncol. Roy V, Perez EA. Beyond trastuzumab: small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HERpositive breast cancer.
Hypermethylation of CpG islands in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. BRCA1 epigenetic inactivation predicts sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in breast and ovarian cancer.
DNA methylation profiling in doxorubicin treated primary locally advanced breast tumours identifies novel genes associated with survival and treatment response. Mol Cancer. Quantitative comparison of DNA methylation assays for biomarker development and clinical applications. Nat Biotechnol. Nanotechnology-based approaches in anticancer research.
Int J Nanomedicine. Liu S. Epigenetics advancing personalized nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities.
Matsumura Y, Maeda H. A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs.
CAS Google Scholar. Nanomedicine: towards development of patient-friendly drug-delivery systems for oncological applications. Bridging bio-nano science and cancer nanomedicine. ACS Nano. Parameters affecting the enhanced permeability and retention effect: the need for patient selection.
J Pharm Sci. Liposomal formulations in clinical use: an updated review. Biological identity of nanoparticles in vivo: clinical implications of the protein corona. Trends Biotechnol. Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm. Targeted therapeutic nanoparticles: an immense promise to fight against cancer. J Drug Deliv. Targeting strategies for the combination treatment of cancer using drug delivery systems.
Chen F, Cai W. Tumor vasculature targeting: a generally applicable approach for functionalized nanomaterials. Hypoxia-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Advanced targeted nanomedicine. J Biotechnol. Stimuli responsive nanoparticles for controlled anti-cancer drug release.
Curr Med Chem. Andreu V, Arruebo M. Current progress and challenges of nanoparticle-based therapeutics in pain management. J Control Release. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: new strategies for toxicity testing? Food Chem Toxicol. The effect of exposure to nanoparticles and nanomaterials on the mammalian epigenome.
DNA methylation changes in human lung epithelia cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanoparticles in food. Epigenetic changes induced by nanomaterials and possible impact on health. Delivery of epidrugs. Drug Discov Today. Targeting Epigenetics in cancer. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. Metabolism, mechanism of action and sensitivity profile of fluorocyclopentenylcytosine RX; TV Invest New Drugs. Delivery of 5-azacytidine to human cancer cells by elaidic acid esterification increases therapeutic drug efficacy.
Mol Cancer Ther. Nucleosidic DNA demethylating epigenetic drugs - a comprehensive review from discovery to clinic. Pharmacol Ther. Biomed Pharmacother. Lipid based nanocarrier system for the potential oral delivery of decitabine: formulation design, characterization, ex vivo, and in vivo assessment. Genes Dis. Published online Jun Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Majid Farshdousti Hagh: moc. Received May 11; Accepted Jun Production and hosting by Elsevier B.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Epigenetic, along with genetic mechanisms, is essential for natural evolution and maintenance of specific patterns of gene expression in mammalians. Introduction Epigenetic mechanisms as a new therapeutic approach has generated considerable recent research interest in the last decades.
Epigenetic mechanisms involved in cancers Epigenetic mechanisms are widely involved in human diseases Fig. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. DNA methylation Although there are various mechanisms for changing the expression of a gene epigenetically, DNA methylation is a common procedure used to silence genes expression in eukaryotic cells.
Histone modifications Histones are highly alkaline proteins packaged in DNA packets called nucleosome. Figure 2. Combined epigenetic therapies Due to the presence of several epigenetic disorders in some diseases, combined epigenetic drugs seem to be potential therapies for this type of disorders. Epigenetics and cytotoxic treatments One of the problems with traditional chemotherapy is that sometime after treatment, cancerous cells undergo acute epigenetic changes due to the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy that promotes resistance to therapy, ineffectiveness of this type of treatment and as a result, proliferation of malignant cells, and if the cytotoxic therapy is stopped, the cancerous cells will begin to grow and reproliferate.
Conclusion Epigenetics therapy has been proven to be a successful approach for the treatment of different malignancies. Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing financial interests. Footnotes Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University. References 1. Dupont C. Epigenetics: definition, mechanisms and clinical perspective. Semin Reprod Med. Kelly T. Epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets. Nat Biotechnol. Walter M. Stegelmann F. DNMT3A mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Fong C. Epigenetics in the hematologic malignancies. Cutter A. A brief review of nucleosome structure. FEBS Lett. Luger K. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.
Jones P. The epigenomics of cancer. Villeneuve L. The role of epigenetics in the pathology of diabetic complications. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. Javierre B.
Changes in the pattern of DNA methylation associate with twin discordance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genome Res. Adcock I. Histone deacetylation: an important mechanism in inflammatory lung diseases. Egger G. Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Feinberg A. Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts. Eden A. Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation.
Science New York, NY ; Esteller M. A gene hypermethylation profile of human cancer. Cancer Res. Shen L. Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis identifies three different subclasses of colon cancer. Figueroa M. DNA methylation signatures identify biologically distinct subtypes in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell. Ellinger J. Global levels of histone modifications predict prostate cancer recurrence.
Bachmann I. EZH2 expression is associated with high proliferation rate and aggressive tumor subgroups in cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the endometrium, prostate, and breast. Weller M. MGMT promoter methylation in malignant gliomas: ready for personalized medicine?
Nat Rev Neurol. Kanai Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in precancerous conditions and cancers. Cancer Sci. Kondo T. Accumulation of aberrant CpG hypermethylation by Helicobacter pylori infection promotes development and progression of gastric MALT lymphoma. Int J Oncol. Ibanez de Caceres I. IGFBP-3 hypermethylation-derived deficiency mediates cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Voso M. Valproic acid at therapeutic plasma levels may increase 5-azacytidine efficacy in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Martens J. DNA methylation as a biomarker in breast cancer. Future Oncol London, England ; 5 8 — Jarmalaite S. Promoter hypermethylation in tumour suppressor genes and response to interleukin-2 treatment in bladder cancer: a pilot study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. Comoglio P. Drug development of MET inhibitors: targeting oncogene addiction and expedience.
Nat Rev Drug Discov. Robertson K. DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet. Lister R. Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences.
Cheng X. Mammalian DNA methyltransferases: a structural perspective. Structure London, England: ; 16 3 — Watt F. Cytosine methylation prevents binding to DNA of a HeLa cell transcription factor required for optimal expression of the adenovirus major late promoter. Gene Dev. Ghavifekr Fakhr M.
DNA methylation pattern as important epigenetic criterion in cancer. Genet Res Int. Zare M. J Cell Physiol. Rahmani M. Aberrant DNA methylation of key genes and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Biomed Pharmacother. Gonzalo S. Role of Rb family in the epigenetic definition of chromatin. Cell Cycle Georgetown, Tex ; 4 6 —
0コメント